Saturday, 2 August 2014

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF OPINION





FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF OPINION

Cornelius Afebu Omonokhua
 
In our primary school days, one of our teachers, Mr. Matthias Eboetse Elogie” was popularly called: “Opinion Varies” because he had the inscription written on his brand new “Suzuki bike”. Human beings naturally have varied opinions on certain issues but some people sometimes believe so much in their opinions to the extent of allowing anger to take over their minds if some other person contradicts their opinion with a superior argument. According to Pope Francis, we must protect ourselves against our own anger. We need a high level of maturity and the discipline of the mind, heart, intellect and will to accept or reject an opinion. We need not force an opinion on others if we are credible and competent. Today the print and electronic media have created a kind of academy for different views on various issues. Freedom of the press can be liken to a “federal republic of opinion” to report issues, events and various forms of opinions. 


There are statements that are official and accepted by a particular religion as official teaching (dogma). The Church for instance, gives room to personal opinion even in theological expositions. In expressing opinions, it is expected that issues and ideas should form a primary focus rather than the person. People who are intellectually poor leave the matters of debate to attacking the personality of a partner in the “republic of opinion”. If somebody expresses an opinion on national issues that may not be acceptable to some other person, maturity demands that with due respect, the person who has a superior argument may put his ideas and thoughts forward for further conversation. 

This space that is provided by the media for public debates can be compared to “the republic” in the academy of Plato and Aristotle. I thank all the media houses that provide opinion columns, issues, sermon and opportunities for people to express their views! The reactions to various articles have convince me that many Nigerians read and participate in intellectual conversations. However, more maturity is still expected in this dialogue. The radio and television have gone extra mile to create space for discussions and expression of opinion even in pidgin and local languages. This indeed is one of the dividends of democracy. 

As early as about 424/423 BC-348/347 BC Plato founded an Academy   (Ἀκαδήμεια) in Athens where sages where trained to express their opinions through logical arguments and rational debates.  Aristotle (384 BC-322 BC) studied in this academy for twenty five years (367 BC – 347 BC) before founding his own academy called the Lyceum. In the platonic and Neo-Platonist era, the academy was treated as sacred because discussions about the transcendence were part of the subject of the sages. Plato started the academy at the age of thirty with his inherited wealth. This academy was free for those who were interested in learning the science of wisdom. This school did not discriminate between the rich, poor, men and women. Two women, Axiothea of Phlius and Lasthenia of Mantinea are remembered as scholars who graduated from this academy.  

Opinion is an expression of a personal emotion. In the academy, this feeling is expressed in a logical argument. Sometimes an opinion may be logical yet not true while at other times the logic of the opinion may be a fallacy and illogical if put in a syllogism. Sometimes efficient lawyers convict innocent people for lack of logical reasoning and arguments. Some reporters in our media misrepresent, misinterpret and confuse issues with fantastic headlines without the laws of logic. The main concern is sometimes to sell their papers at the expense of the confusion and damage caused to the people they have reported wrongly. This is one of the ways the freedom of the press can be abused whereas truth and reason should take priority above any financial interest in the media that controls the heart beat of a nation. 

Public opinion is subject to public debate and analysis given that a general opinion may not be correct at all times. There are some opinions that a group of people may hold as a dogma yet this view may not be substantiated.  There are some opinions that can be compared to the belief of a monkey.  Once upon a time, it was raining heavily and a monkey decided to take shelter in a forest. After the rain, the monkey did not know that the rain had stopped since the water from the leaves was still drizzling. After spending a long time in the forest, the monkey decided to go out only to discover that it was bright and dry outside. The monkey told the children that it is forbidden to go into the forest when it is raining. The children did not ask the mother why. All they did was to believe because in their tradition   children do not question their parents. Till today, there are some groups that do not allow questions about their faith. Rational enquiry for some people is a sign that a person has lost faith and about to fall out of the group. Once the leader has spoken, or written, everybody must follow even though what is prescribed may be unreasonable.  We cannot remain in the age of our ancestors without analyzing their laws and mode of operation in the present context except we want to begin to dress with leaves and animal skin like they did in their time. Moreover, we should have the courage to ride on camels and donkeys instead of cars and aircrafts if we must maintain the ancestral standards. 

In Social sciences and Philosophy, there is an opinion that is normative. There is what ought to be and there is what is positive but only after a logical analysis and scientific observation. For an opinion to be popular and acceptable by everybody, it must be reasonable and empirically demonstrable. In some religions, the scriptures have been subjected to literal, historical and textual criticism. An upright person and a healthy society do not fear criticism given that a clear conscience fears no accusation. Plato’s analogy of the divided line makes a distinction between knowledge and opinion. In this sense, opinion is qualified beyond dreams and visions. Another distinction is between knowledge and belief. According to Plato, “Opinions can be persuasive, but only the assertions they are based on can be said to be true or false.”[1]

Group opinion is the views of some decision making bodies like members of a jury, legislature, committee, or a religious body in the areas of social justice and political issues. What we sometimes witness is that instead of collectively addressing issues, groups have used these discussions and conversations on national issues to express inter-group conflicts. Instead of selling ideas on issues, preconceptions and prejudices take over the stage. In these conversations some groups have betrayed their level of awareness, maturity and intelligence.  Let us be ready at any time to support our opinions with reason. Let us fight issues and not persons so that we can make our society healthy enough for human habitation instead of a brute jungle.



[1] http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platonic.epistemology

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